Sustainable energy development is one of the requirements for the continued growth and sustainable development of societies and humanity. The main purpose of this study is to plan the supply of sustainable electricity by share of each type of the share of different power plants in the country.The methodology of this study is applied based on the purpose and has been done by mixed method (documentary, qualitative and quantitative). This research has been collected and analyzed using the data obtained from the study of documents, using (selected model) MESSAGE software and in the form of three reference scenarios, energy sustainability and high fuel price, the optimal composition of the country's power plant until 2050 has been investigated and proposed.Based on results and the model outputs, the optimal power plant composition in the form of energy sustainability scenario is the priority of combined cycle, nuclear and renewable power plants, respectively. Also, according to the findings, nuclear power plants are in the second place in the reference scenario and the sustainability scenario, and in the third place in the fuel price increase scenario. The results obtained from this study, considering the need for sustainable development of electricity in the country and according to the upstream documents and laws, it is necessary to prioritize the development of power plants, respectively.

Background and aims: One essential plant-based strategy to deal with infections is antimicrobial synergism, which can make antimicrobials more efficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between these extracts and two widely used antibiotics, meropenem and gentamicin, on two multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii, in vitro. Methods: Different concentrations of Rosa damascena Mill., Malva sylvestris L., and Zataria multiflora Boiss. hydroalcoholic extracts (2-fold serial dilution from 131072 to 256 μg/mL) were administered against two MDR bacteria, and their combination with gentamicin and meropenem (serial dilution from 32 to 0. 015 μg/mL) was investigated by the resazurin-based microdilution and the checkerboard method. The phytochemical properties of the extracts were also examined, and the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), anthocyanin content, and antioxidant capacity of the extracts were determined. Results: Z. multiflora and R. damascena showed high antibacterial activity, and their minimal inhibitory concentrations on Acinetobacter baumannii were 1024 and 2048 μg/mL, respectively. Z. multiflora also had high TFC, TPC, and antioxidant activity and demonstrated additive interaction with meropenem and gentamicin with fractional inhibitory concentrations of 1 and 0. 75, respectively. Conclusion: We suggest the potency of Z. multiflora-antibiotic combinations in treating MDR A. baumannii after future clinical studies.

More than 22% of the world's agricultural land is saline, and this trend continues to increase with climate changes. Salinity stress causes leaf color change, osmotic stress, ionic toxicity, prevents growth, photosynthesis and plant performance. Due to their size less than micron, metal nanoparticles have a great absorption and transmission power in plants. Salinity stress is a major problem in hot and dry areas under tomato cultivation. For this purpose, investigating the mutual effects of the size and type of zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles on the improvement and change of growth and increasing the resistance to salt stress in tomato plants of the early urbana variety were carried out in the form of a completely randomized and factorial design with 4 replications, at a significant level of 5%. In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles in 25 and 50 nm sizes, iron oxide in 25 nm sizes and sodium chloride in 0 and 75 mM levels were used. Nanoparticles and salinity treatments were both applied to the plants. The results showed that salt stress led to a decrease in plant growth parameters such as shoot and root length, leaf area, RWC, ion leakage. Also, NaCl led to an increase in the accumulation of prolin and other aldehydes, sodium, iron and zinc. The application of nanoparticles had a slight effect in stress-free conditions, but in stressed conditions, these two nanoparticles alone and especially in combination neutralized the effect of salinity and reduced the damage caused by salinity stress.

Medicinal plants contain active ingredients in one or some of their organs. Squalene is one of the active ingredients that prevent heart attacks and cardiovascular diseases and protect the body from some cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of squalene in a number of medicinal plants. In this experiment, the plant oils were extracted and measured using Bligh & Dyer with minor changes. TLC (thin layer chromatography) was used to identify squalene. Comparison of TLC of standard squalene with TLC of the investigated medicinal plant samples showed that Caryophillium aromaticus, Descurainia sophia, Portulaca Oleracea, Papaver somniferum and Nigella Sativa contained squalene. Although the percentage of Papaver somniferum and Nigella Sativa seed oil was higher than other medicinal plants, the squalane spot of clove plant had a higher intensity of color and this indicates a higher concentration of squalene in this plant.

A B S T R A C TFor choosing suitable place multiple methods are introduced, which examine the qualities, methods and patterns of location selection. The current methods use global approach and do not pay attention to spatial differences, environmental variation in variables, local changes modeled by local weighting indicators. It has been selected as a case study to evaluate the EMS center of Fars province and to evaluate the indicators of distance from the power plant, distance from logistics centers, industries, transportation terminals, hospitals, hotels and tourism, cities, rural areas and custom centers. has been used, using the AHP method to weight the qualities, and then for local weights, non-overlapping neighborhood filtering within a radius of 25 km are used and calculate the corresponding changes, quantity, ratio Presented in this article, the obtained weights, then the compute local weighted layers, and then local weight was multiplied in the normalized layers and the final layer were obtained. In the next step, it was combined and calculated to compare the data using the global method. The results of the two methods were transferred to the points of the EMS and the results were analyzedExtended AbstractIntroductionIn geographical studies and spatial planning, there are different approaches to choosing the right place for all kinds of applications and uses, and a process is followed to choose the best places. This process includes stating the research problem (cognition), choosing the criteria and preferences of decision makers and how to determine the weight of indicators, combining criteria (design) and finally, choosing the best option. In the current methods of spatial decision, the criteria are given a fixed weight, while in geographical locations, the distribution of geographical phenomena is not uniform. In this case, attention should be paid to the spatial distribution pattern of geographical phenomena based on the principle of sensitivity of the range of changes, the size of the range of changes affects the outputs, and the data with a smaller range of changes also have a lesser effect on the output. The data with a larger range of changes will have a more significant effect on the output. Therefore, in spatial analysis, indicators that have small changes are less important. Local models have been presented to model local changes in spatial multi-criteria decision-making; in this research, the main issue is how to model the local changes that affect the expected outputs. MethodologyThe research process is based on multi-criteria spatial decision-making methods (national and local). First, spatial patterns of indicators were analyzed through exploratory analyzes of ESDA spatial data. Then based on the review of the research criteria, the direct weighting method was used to calculate the weight of the indicators, and the experts were asked to specify the weight of the criteria in the range of 1 to 10. The opinions were combined, and the final weight was obtained. First, the data were spatially modelled to model and calculate the local weights. Then Block Statistics spatial filter without overlap was used to determine the neighborhood. The range of local changes, maximum and minimum values, were calculated, and local weights were obtained based on that. Finally, the information layers were descaled. After that, the unscaled criterion layers were multiplied by the national weights and the final national scores were obtained. In the next step, the data of the evaluated information layers (local and national) were transferred to the points of emergency databases. Based on the analysis, the fit was done. Results and discussionGeneral or global weights pay attention to the relative importance of indicators, which is the starting point for calculating local weights. Based on the research results, the most critical indicators are industries, cities and hospitals, which are more important in the location of road emergency stations. However, in order to achieve better results, it is necessary to build a local weight layer. The results of the research show that the indicators' weight and the difference in the criteria (general weight) are not equal in the entire geographical area, and the areas with a larger range of changes have a higher coefficient.Because, unlike general weights that are obtained based on different methods, local weights are estimated based on the principle of sensitivity of the range of changes and are changed spatially, and a fixed value is not considered for all areas. According to the research findings, the highest level in the general and local evaluation method corresponds to 0.5 to 0.7. Based on the local (geographic) weight method, it is less than the national or general method in the range of 0.9 to 1. Furthermore, this is due to the more precise nature of this method, which models the effects of local changes. To evaluate the compliance of the emergency centers with the final maps of suitability assessment, the information on the suitability maps was transferred to the map of the emergency center points of Fars province. Based on the evaluation of 207 emergency stations, according to the general method, 14 percent are in the high group (0.9-1), and according to the local or geographical method (16.9), percent are in this group. ConclusionAt the level of space and geographical regions, phenomena and geographical complications are not uniformly distributed, some phenomena have a homogeneous distribution, and some have a heterogeneous distribution. On the one hand, the phenomena and decision issues are affected by the context in which they are formed and evolve; on the other hand, these phenomena are placed in the network of mutual relations. Furthermore, the results of the set of phenomena may differ from the results of the phenomena individually and separately; in this article, an attempt has been made to address the issue that in spatial analysis and planning, it is necessary to pay attention to geographical differences in decision-making. Furthermore, it should not be evaluated in general terms of spatial decision problems; one of the methods of modelling these differences and spatial changes is to consider the local weight of the criteria. Based on the research findings, local (geographical) and national analysis results are different and can better show these changes. On the other hand, the pattern of spatial differences also has its spatial pattern, and paying attention to these differences in spatial differences can be the subject of further studies. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Background and objectives: This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial properties of Salvia limbata, Centella asiatica, and Bacopa Monnieri extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We also examined the synergistic effect of these extracts with ceftazidime and neomycin. The antimicrobial effects of these plants had been reported before but synergistic effect with broad spectrum antibiotics such as ceftazidime and neomycin was an important issue that we tried to determine. Methods: Methanol extracts were prepared by percolation method and phenolics content was determined by Folin–, Ciocalteu method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. Checkerboard assay was used to evaluate the synergistic effect of the extracts with ceftazidime and neomycin. Results: Salvia limbata methanolic extract with MIC of 25, 100, and 150 mg/mL could inhibit the growth of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and MRSA, respectively. Bacopa monnieri with MIC of 50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL inhibited the growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Centella asiatica did not affect the studied strains. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) results showed partial synergistic activity between S. limbata with ceftazidime and neomycin against P. aeruginosa and MRSA. The MIC of ceftazidime and neomycin in combination with S. limbata was reduced fourfold for each antibiotic. Conclusion: Salvia limbata is a potentially rich source of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties that can be used with ceftazidime and neomycin to provide a synergistic effect.